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Appearance: Black in color, with a metallic luster, hard texture and smooth surface.
● High fixed carbon content: Generally around 80% - 95%, which endows anthracite with high calorific value and the ability to provide a large amount of heat energy.
● Low volatile matter: Usually less than 10%. The low volatile matter results in less smoke and harmful gases generated during combustion, and the combustion is relatively stable.
● High carbon content: Carbon is the main element contributing to heat generation during anthracite combustion, and its high carbon content is the main reason for the large calorific value.
● Relatively low ash and sulfur content: Ash content is generally 6% - 20%, and sulfur content is 0.3% - 2%. Compared with other coal types, it causes less environmental pollution.
● High density: Generally 1.4 - 1.9g/cm³, heavier than other coal types, which is related to its dense structure and high carbon content.
● High hardness: Mohs hardness is between 2 - 4, with a hard texture, not easy to break, and convenient for storage and transportation.
● High ignition point: The ignition point is generally 300 - 400℃, making it harder to ignite than other coal types, but it burns with a short flame and high temperature.
According to the content of volatile matter and ash, anthracite can be divided into 3 subcategories as follows:
● Anthracite No.1: Volatile matter content ≤3.5%, mainly used in the production of carbon materials such as graphite electrodes and carbon blocks.
● Anthracite No.2: Volatile matter content ranges from 3.5% to 6.5%, serving as the main fuel for industrial and civil use, and is often used in synthetic ammonia gas production, blast furnace injection, etc.
● Anthracite No.3: Volatile matter content ranges from 6.5% to 10%, which can be used as power coal or civil fuel, such as for making honeycomb coal.
● Chemical raw material: It is an important raw material for chemical products such as synthetic ammonia and urea. Through gasification and other processes, anthracite can be converted into synthesis gas such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is used in the production of various chemical products.
● Blast furnace injection: In iron and steel production, anthracite is ground into fine powder and injected into the blast furnace, which can replace part of the coke, reduce production costs, and improve the production efficiency of the blast furnace.
● Building materials industry: Used as fuel in cement rotary kilns to provide heat for cement production, enabling raw materials to undergo chemical reactions at high temperatures to produce qualified cement products.
● Heating fuel: In some rural areas and northern regions, anthracite is often used for household heating. It is made into coal balls or honeycomb coal, which burn in stoves to generate heat and provide warmth for indoor spaces.
● Domestic coal: Can be used for daily cooking, hot water supply, etc. The heat generated during combustion is stable, which can meet the energy needs of family life.
